Introduction of computer awareness section exams

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►A Computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. 

►A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). 

►The data that is fed into a computer processor received into the computer by a keyboard or other sources is called Input. 

►A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user (input), processes the data by performing calculations and operations on it and generates the desired Output. 

►The device which is used with a computer to display or store data is called Peripherals. 

►The mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical components that comprises a computer system such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), monitor, keyboard, etc. is known as Hardware. 

►A set of instructions that tells the computer about the tasks to be performed and how these tasks are to performed, is known as Software. 

►An unprocessed collection or representation of raw facts represented in a manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by humans or by automatic means, is known as Data. 

►The result of processing, manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the person receiving it, is known as Information. 

►The smallest unit of information, a computer can understand and process, is known as Bit. 

►The primary goal of computer is to process information that it receives and output the results. The process of control and alter information is known as Processing. 

►Which number system computer used to store data and perform calculation? Binary Number System. 

►Computer Speed, Accuracy, Diligence, Storage Capability, Automation, Remembrance Power and Versatility are the main Characteristics of Computer. 

►Self-Intelligence, Decision-Making power, Learning power, Self-care, Feelings are the Limitations of Computer. 

►A mainframe computer is a much larger computer that typically fills a room and may cost many hundreds or thousands of times as much as a personal computer. They are designed to perform large numbers of calculations for governments and large enterprises. 

►Read-only memory (ROM) is a storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM can only be modified slowly or with difficulty, or not at all. 

►ROM is non-volatile and the contents are retained even after the power is switched off. It only allows reading. The types of ROM include PROM, EPROM and EEPROM. 

►Random Access Memory (RAM), allows the computer to store data for immediate for immediate manipulation and to keep track of what is currently being processed. 

►RAM is referred to as volatile memory and is lost when the power is turned off. It allows reading and writing. The two main types of RAM are static RAM and dynamic RAM. 

►SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory. SRAM retains data as long as power is provided to the memory chip and need not be refreshed periodically.

►DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory. The data on DRAM continues to move in and out of the memory as long as power is available and must be continually refreshed to maintain the data.

►Primary memory is computer memory that a processor or computer accesses first or directly.For example: RAM, and Cache Memory. 

Secondary memory (or secondary storage) is the slowest and cheapest form of memory. It cannot be processed directly by the CPU. 

►Secondary memory devices include magnetic disks like hard drives and floppy disks, optical disks such as CDs and CDROMs, and magnetic tapes, which were the first forms of secondary memory. 

►Virtual memory is memory on the hard disk that the CPU uses as an extended RAM. 

►Installation is the process of copying software programs from secondary storage media to the hard disk. 

►A central computer that holds collections of data and programs for many PCs, workstations and other computers is a Server. 

►Programmer: The person who write programs / instructions. 

►Programming Language: The language in which the programmer write the instructions to train and work with computers. 

Ex: C, C++, Java, SQL etc.